Much research has been done on amino acids in recent times and this has paved the way for dramatic treatment and cure of different problems by their judicious use. They are now dubbed as “the nutrients of the 80’s” and “medical foods.”
The various functions of the essential and frequently investigated non-essential amino acids,
their deficiency symptoms and their therapeutic uses are discussed below:
TRYPTOPHAN
Of all the essential amino acids, tryptophan is the one that is most investigated by nutrition
researchers. It is essential to blood clotting, digestive juices and the optic system. It induces
sleep and quietens the nervous system. It wards off signs of premature old age – cataracts of the
eyes, baldness, deterioration of sex glands and malformation of teeth enamel. It is also
necessary to the female reproductive organs and for proper utilisation of vitamin A by the body.
Major sources of this amino acids are nuts, and most vegetables. Lack of tryptophan causes
symptoms similar to those of vitamin A deficiency.
A number of scientists feel that it can be used as a safe and effective food remedy for insomnia
and pain. Under experimental conditions, tryptophan in doses of one gram or more has been
shown to be most effective for persons who suffer from mild insomnia and for those who take a
long time to fall asleep. Tryptophan may also be a natural painkiller. Researches at Temple
University in Philadelphia have indicated that it worked without causing the side effects
associated with other anesthesia or analgesics.
Tryptophan as a food medicine should be taken between meals with a low protein food such as
fruit juice or bread. One to three grams a day seems to be the range favoured by most
researchers.
METHIONINE
This is a vital sulphur-bearing compound which helps dissolve cholesterol and assimilates fat. It
is required by haemoglobin, the pancreas, the lymph and the spleen. It is necessary to maintain
normal body weight and also helps maintain the proper nitrogen balance in the body. Rich
sources of methionine are Brazil nut, Hazal nut, and other nuts. It is also found in Brussel
sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, pineapples and apples. Its deficiency can lead to chronic
rheumatic fever in children, hardening of the liver (cirrhosis) and nephritis of the kidneys. Studies
show that methionine and chorine prevent tumours and proliferation.
LYSINE
Lysine inhibits viruses. Its use along with vitamin C, zinc and vitamin A helps eliminate virus
infections. Vitamin C protects this amino acid while in the body so that lysine plus vitamin C has
a much stronger anti-virus effect than if either is used separately. Lysine also influences the
female reproductive cycle. Lack of adequate lysine in the diet may cause headaches, dizziness,
nausea and incipient anaemia. The main sources of this amino acid are most kinds of nuts,
seeds, vegetables and sub-acid fruits. Lysine upsets in the body have also been associated with
pneumonia, nephrosis and acidosis as well as malnutrition and rickets in children.
It is considered a natural remedy for cold, sores, shingles and genital herpes. In a study
published in 1983, a group of researchers polled over 1,500 people whose daily intake of lysine
was over 900 mg. 88 per cent said that lysine seemed to reduce the severity of their attacks of
herpes virus and accelerated the healing time. These results have, however, been disputes by
some scientists.
VALINE
Valine is an essential body growth factor, particularly for mammary glands and ovaries. Valine is
directly linked with the nervous system. It is essential for the prevention of nervous and digestive
disorders. Major sources are almonds, apples and most vegetables. Lack of this amino acid
makes a person sensitive to touch and sound
ISOLEUCINE
This amino acid is essential for maintaining the nitrogen balance vital to all body functions. It
also regulates metabolism of the thymus, spleen and pituitary glands. Rich sources are
sunflower seeds, all nuts, except cashew nuts, avacados and olives.
LEUCINE
It is the compliment of isoleucine, with a similar chemical composition although in different
arrangement. Its functions and sources are also similar.
PHENYLALANINE
This is essential to the production of hormone adrenalie; to the production of the thyroid
secretion and the hair and skin pigment, melanin. It is effective in weight control because of its
effect on the thyroid. Its use before meals suppresses the appetite substantially. Patients taking
half a teaspoon of the powder 30 minutes before each meal, lose from a quarter to half a pound
a day. It is alsoessential for the efficient functioning of kidneys and bladder. Major source are
nuts, seeds, carrots, parsley and tomatoes. An important recently discovered therapeutic use of
phenylalanine is its ability to overcome most conditions of lethargy through stimulation of
adrenaline.
THREONINE
This amino acid is found in various types of milk and is a major constituent in cow’s milk. Other
sources are nuts, seeds, carrots and green vegetables. Without threonine, a child’s development
will be incomplete and there will be malfunctioning of the brain. This amino acid has a powerful
anti-convulsive effect.
HISTIDINE
This helps tissue growth and repair. It is active in producing normal blood supply. It is also vital
to the formation of glycogen in the liver. It is found in the root vegetables and all green
vegetables. Studies indicate that the free form of histidine in the blood is low in cases of
rheumatoid arthritis and if taken orally, may possibly depress the symptoms of this ailment. Oral
histidine has, however, a tendency to stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach and
persons who are susceptible to an overabundance of acid and also those who have ulcers
should avoid taking pure histidine. Orthopaedic and joint pains are caused by lack of histidine.
ARGININE
This is called the “fatherhood” amino acid as it comprises 80 percent of all male reproductive
cells. It is essential for normal growth. Serious lack of this amino acid reduces the sex instinct
causing impotence. It is found in most vegetables, especially, green and root vegetables.
CYSTINE
It provides resistance by building up white-cell activity. It is an indispensable amino acid. It is one
of the mainstays of health as it is essential for the proper formation of skin and helps one
recover from surgery. It promotes the formation of carolene which helps hair growth. It is used in
the treatment of skin diseases, for low white blood-cells counts and for some cases of anaemia.
TYROSINE
This can be called an anti-stress amino acid. Dr. Richard Wurtman who recently conducted
experiments on the use of this amino acid says: “Supplemented tyrosine may be useful
therapeutically in persons exposed chronically to stress.”
Tyrosine is also beneficial for depression, nervousness, irritability and despondency. Research
has established this amino acid to be effective in the management and control of depression in
conjunction with glutamine, tryptophan, niacin and vitamin B6. It is also helpful in the treatment
of allergies and high blood pressure.
Although individual nee may vary, Dr. Wurtman considers 100 mg. per kilogram of body weight
per day an optional dose. This works out to about 5.4 grams of tyrosine a day for a person
weighing 120 pounds. The supplement may be divided into three separate doses each day.
When tyrosine is taken, a supplement of valine, another essential amino acid should not be
taken as valine may block tyrosine’s entry to the brain.
GLUTAMINE
This little known non-essential amino acid known as “sobriety nutrient.” It is considered
beneficial in the treatment of alcoholism. According to Roger J. Williams , a world-known
nutritionist, glutamine reduces the usually irresistible craving for alcohol that recovering drinkers
almost inevitably encounter.
CYSTEINE
There is some evidence that cysteine (not to be confused with cystine) has certain therapeutic
value as a nutritional supplement. Dr. H. Ghadimi, chairman of the nutrition committee at Nassau
country, ( New York) medical centre uses cysteine supplements to treat his patients suffering
from obesity. He considers that there is link between obesity and over-production of insulin and
that cysteine supplements taken along with vitamin C at the end of the meals somehow
neutralises some of the excess insulin, which is responsible for fat production. He regards this
amino acid as ‘anti-cancer and anti-aging’ and claims that like vitamin C, cysteine protects the
body from damage by oxidants.
When one or more of the essential amino acids are left out of the diet, symptoms similar to those
of vitamin deficiencies may be experienced such as low blood pressure, anaemia, poor muscle
tone, slow heaing of wounds, loss of weight, poor resistance to infections and bloodshot eyes.
Children who do not get the required amounts of amino acids in their daily diet suffer from
stunted growth and permanent damage to the glands. On the other hand, those getting the full
quota of amino acids in their diet will be rewarded with vigor, vitality and long life. The best food
proteins with all the essential amino acids are found in almonds, cheese and eggs.
Amino acids are being increasingly and successfully used in the treatment of several diseases,
such as stomach ulcers, burns, kidney diseases and liver diseases. It has also been observed
that the diseases of old age can be largely prevented if elderly persons obtain the proper food
supplements of amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Amino acids are needed at every stage
from infancy to old age – to repair worn out tissues and to create new ones.
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