B Complex Vitamins and Their Importance in Health and Disease (Part II)

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Pyridoxine

Vitamin B 6 or pyridoxine is actually a group of substance – pyridoxine, pyridoxinal and pyridoxamine – that are closely related and function together. It helps in the absorption of fats and proteins, prevents nervous and skin disorders and protects against degenerative diseases.

The main sources of this vitamin are yeast, wheat, bran, wheat germ, pulses, cereals, banana,
walnuts, soyabeans, milk, egg, liver, meat and fresh vegetables. Deficiency can lead to
dermatitis, conjuctivitis, anaemia, depression, skin disorders, nervousness, insomnia, migraine
headaches and heart diseases.

The recommended daily requirement is 2.0 mg. for adults and 0.2 mg. for children. This vitamin
used therapeuticlly from 100 to 150 mg. daily can relieve painful jonts and the discomforts of
pregnancy and pre-menstrual symptoms. Vitamin B6 is now the most intensively studied of all
vitamins. Researches are on the threshold of a number of promising developments involving
treatments of various ailments with this vitamin. They include hyperactivity in children, asthma,
arthritis, kidney stones, blood clots in heart attack victims and nervous disorders.

Folic Acid

Vitamin B9 or folic acid, along with vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells.

It is essential for the growth and division of all body cells for healing processes. It aids protein
metabolism and helps prevent premature greying. Valuable sources of this vitamin are deep
green leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, brewers yeast, mushrooms , nuts,peanuts and
liver. A deficiency can result in certain types of anaemia, serious skin disorders, loss of hair,
impaired circulation, fatigue and mental depression.

The minimum daily requirement of this vitamin is 0.4 mg. To correct anaemia and deficiencies 5
mg or more are needed daily. Some authorities believe that folic acid is contraindicated in
leukemia and cancer.

Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid helps in cell building, main- taining normal growth and
development of the central nervous system. It stimulates the adrenal glands and increases the
production of cortisone and other adrenal hormones. It is essential for conversion of fatty and
sugar to energy. It also helps guard against most physical and mental stresses and toxins and
increases vitality. The main sources of this vitamin are whole grain bread and cereals, green
vegetables, peas, beans, peanuts and egg yolk. It can be synthesised in the body by intestinal
bacteria. A deficiency can cause chronic fatigue, hypoglycemia, greying and loss of hair, mental
depression, stomach disorders, blood and skin disorders.

The minimum daily requirement of this vitamin has not been established, but is estimated to be
between 30 and 50 mg a day. The usual therapeutic doses are 50 to 200 mg. In some studies,
1,000 mg or more were given daily for six moths without side effects. It is useful in the treatment
of insomnia, low blood pressure and hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 or cobolamin, commonly known as “red vitamin”, is the only vitamin that contains
essential mineral elements. It is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system,
production and regeneration of red blood cells and proper utilisation of fat, carbohydrates and
protein for body building. It also improves concentration, memory and balance. Valuable sources
of this vitamin are kidney, liver, meat, milk, eggs, bananas and peanuts. Its deficiency can lead
to certain types of anaemia, poor appetite and loss of energy and mental disorders.

The recommended daily allowance of this vitamin is 3 mcg. Taken in large therapeutic doses
from 50 to 100 mcg., it is beneficial in the treatment of lack of concentration, fatigue, depression,
insomnia and poor memory.

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